High services inflation is a problem for the RBA
With our earlier analysis suggesting that strong demand has contributed to high core PCE inflation, our more recent work replicating an ECB approach shows that a simple accounting of the drivers of broad domestic prices – including household services – reveals that strong unit labour costs explain most of the recent high inflation.
While useful, the downside to these analyses is that they rely on the national accounts, which are published with a long lag in Australia.
Taking a much simpler approach, the following charts split core CPI inflation into goods and services, where the core CPI is a reasonable, albeit more volatile, approximation of trimmed mean inflation, which is the RBA’s preferred measure of inflation.
Goods inflation captures prices that have been affected by global supply disruptions – such as the price of new homes, motor vehicles, household goods, and computers – while services are more reflective of domestic costs, particularly unit labour costs.
Like the US, goods inflation has peaked and slowed sharply at the start of this year, driven by the resolution of earlier supply-chain disruptions.
However, services inflation remains high, again similar to the US experience, reflecting higher prices for both housing and non-housing services.
This suggest that the RBA is likely to see a goods-driven improvement in underlying inflation this year, but that high services inflation could prove more persistent.
If this proves correct, high services inflation would prove a significant problem for the RBA, delaying the return of overall inflation to the 2-3% target band, particularly when the RBA is forecasting a relatively slow increase in unemployment in response to past interest rate rises.
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